Article: Use of A / An in a sentence
There are three Articles - A, An and The
There are two types of Articles (आर्टिकल दो प्रकार के होते हैं )
- Indefinite Articles (अनिश्चित आर्टिकल) (A, An)
- Definite Articles (निश्चित आर्टिकल) (The)
Use of Articles (A / An):
It is firstly required to know the first letter as well first sound of the word before using A or An before the word. We cannot know the use of A or An without knowing two questions. (शब्द से पहले A या An का उपयोग करने से पहले पहले अक्षर के साथ-साथ शब्द की पहली ध्वनि जानना सबसे पहले आवश्यक है। हम दो प्रश्नों को जाने बिना A या An के उपयोग को नहीं जान सकते।)
1. Is first letter vowel or consonant? (पहला अक्षर स्वर या व्यंजन है?)
2. Is first sound vowel or consonant? (पहली ध्वनि स्वर या व्यंजन है?)
Without knowing answers of these two questions, there are more chances of mistakes while using A or An.
So we can define the following rules to identify A or An
| Words |
| SN | First Letter (अक्षर) | First Sound (ध्वनि) | A / An |
| 1 | Consonant (व्यंजन ) | Consonant (व्यंजन ) | A |
| 2 | Consonant (व्यंजन ) | Vowel (स्वर) | An |
| 3 | Vowel (स्वर) | Vowel (स्वर) | An |
| 4 | Vowel (स्वर) | Consonant (व्यंजन ) | A |
From above table we can find a trick which is written below
| TRICK: If we become able to understand only first sound clearly then (i) if first sound is vowel, we use ‘An’ and (ii) if first sound is consonant, we use ‘A’. |
Important Rules:
whether first letter is vowel or consonant: It is decided seems according to the English alphabets. (क्या पहला अक्षर स्वर या व्यंजन है: यह अंग्रेजी वर्णमाला के अनुसार तय किया गया है)
Vowels – (a, e, i, o, u) 05 letter
Consonants – (except a, e, i, o, u) 21 Letters
whether first sound is vowel or consonant: It is decided seems according to the hindi alphabets. (क्या पहली ध्वनि स्वर या व्यंजन है: यह हिंदी वर्णमाला के अनुसार तय किया गया है)
Vowel – (अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, . . . . . . . . . . etc.)
Consonant – (क, ख, ग, घ, च, छ, ज, झ, य, र, ह, . . . . . . . .. etc.)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
Case 1: First letter as well as first sound consonant
A cat, A bat, A bench, a fan, a girl, etc
Case 2: First letter consonant and first sound vowel
An Honest (ऑनेस्ट) person
An M.L.A. (एम.एल.ए.)
An heir (एयर)
An N.C.C. (एन.सी.सी.) girl
An hour (ऑवर)
An X-mas (एक्स- मस) tree
An honour (ऑनर)
An L.P. (एल.पी.) school
An H.M.T. (एच.एम.टी.) watch
An M.P. (एम.पी.)
Case 3: First letter as well as first sound vowel
An umbrella, An exercise, An ugly woman, An ox, an intelligent girl, An Indian
Case 4: First letter vowel and first sound consonant
A European (यूरोपियन)
Similarly: A university, A unit, A uniform, A unique player, A utensil, A useful animal, A unanimous decision, A union, etc.
A one rupee note (वन)
Similarly: A one way path, A one eyed boy, A one quality instrument, etc.
Case 5: Sometimes we may confusion about sound of first letter. But we should be very careful about this. See some examples below:
A wooden table A year
(वुडेन) (यिअर)
A yellow shirt
(येलो)
More Uses of Articles (A / An):
Rule 1: Use of A or An for meaning of 'one' (एक के अर्थ में)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
| I have a pen. | Ruma has an Acai Berry. | A boy has an apple. |
Rule 2: Use of A or An in place of 'Any', 'Each', 'Per', or 'rate' (कोई, प्रत्येक, प्रति, कीमत)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
There was a queen of Jhansi. (Any)
He will not give me an apple. (Any)
David visits to Delhi once a year. (Each)
Ravi earns Rs. 4500 a month. (Each)
Renu drives car 60 km an hour. (Per / Speed)
Kavya purchased potato Rs. 20 a kg. (Rate)
Rule 3: Use of A or An for singular common noun (एकवचन जातिवाचक संज्ञा के लिए)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A dog, A cow, A person, A lady, A boy, A teacher, A doctor, etc.
Rule 4: Use of A or An for singular countable noun with uncountable noun. (अगणनीय संज्ञा के साथ एकवचन गणनीय संज्ञा के लिए)
A / An + Singular Countable Noun / Verb + of + Uncountable Noun
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A glass of water, (glass is a pot here, countable)
A glass of glass, (second glass is material, uncountable)
A clip of video or movie, ( video or movie is uncountable noun)
A movie of Akshay Kumar, (Movie is countable noun)
A loaf of bread, A pound of butter, A yard of cloth,
A block of ice, An article of furniture, An item of news,
A piece of gold, A bag of rice, An attack of fever, etc
Note: A or An cannot be used for uncountable noun. ('A water', 'A gold' are not correct)
Rule 5: Use of A or An for a proper noun used as a common noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा के तरह व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा के लिए)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
He is a Tendulkar. (Batsman like Tendulkar)
You are a Jay Shankar Prasad. (Write like Jay Shankar Prasad)
Rule 6: Use of A or An for the collective noun and their adjectives (समूहवाचक संज्ञा और उनके विशेषणों के लिए)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
| A team of | A gang of | A group of | An Army of |
| A band of | A pair of | A herd of | An assembly of |
| A galaxy of | A crowd of | A flock of | An Amazing crowd of |
| A fleet of | A lot of | A number of | a great number of |
| A great many of | A good many of |
| A great deal of | A good deal of |
Rule 7: Use of A or An when two adjectives of a noun is used as a singular countable noun by using conjunction 'and' and representing a single noun. A or An will be selected according to the first adjective between the two.
(A या An का प्रयोग जब संज्ञा के दो विशेषणों का प्रयोग संयोजन and' का उपयोग करके एक एकल गणनीय संज्ञा (एकवचन) के रूप में किया जाता है और एक संज्ञा का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है । A या An को दोनों के बीच पहले विशेषण के अनुसार चुना जाएगा।)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A black and white cow (A Cow)
An honest and hardworking teacher (A Teacher)
A red and green t-shirt (A t-shirt)
A tall and beautiful teenager (A Teenager)
A cashier and clerk (A Person)
An uncle and guardian (A Person)
Rule 8: Use of A or An when two adjectives of a noun is used as a singular countable noun by using conjunction 'and' and representing two different nouns.
(A या An का उपयोग तब किया जाता है, जब संज्ञा के दो विशेषणों का उपयोग एक विलक्षण गणनीय संज्ञा के रूप में संयोजन 'and' और दो भिन्न संज्ञाओं का उपयोग करके किया जाता है।)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A black and a white cow (Two Cows)
An honest and a hardworking teacher (Two Teachers)
A red and a green t-shirt (Two t-shirts)
A beautiful and an intelligent teenager (Two Teenagers)
A cashier and a clerk (Two Persons)
An uncle and a guardian (Two Persons)
Rule 9: Use of A for any, some or uncertain person
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A Miss. Kamini sent this book to you. (Any Miss. Kamini)
A Mr. Gupta has invited you in evening. (Any Mr. Gupta)
Rule 10: Use of A or An before counting expressing words or units
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
A dozen, A hundred, A thousand, A million, A score, A gross, A couple, A pair
One and a half kilos (1+1/2 kilo)
One kilo and a half (1+1/2 kilo)
Half a kilo (1/2 kilo)
A third (One third = 1/3)
A quarter (One forth = 1/4)
Rule 11: Use of A or An in the phrases of singular noun with In, At, Have, Make, Take, Keep and any situation (एकवचन संज्ञा के वाक्यांशों (phrases) में)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
Have / At / Take / Keep + a / an + Noun / Adjective /Verb
(Have a pain, Have an egg, Have a talk, Have a pride in, etc.)
(At a loss, At a cost, At a discount, at a premium, etc)
(Take a courage, Take a vacation, Take a rest, etc)
(Keep a promise, Keep an appointment, etc)
In + a / an + Mental Condition
(In a hurry, In a mood, In a temper, In a fix, etc)
Make + a / an + verb
(Make a noise, Make a deal with, Make an excuse, etc)
Rule 12: Use of A or An for making plural noun to singular (बहुवचन संज्ञा को एकवचन संज्ञा बनाने के लिए)
For Example (उदाहरण के लिए)
Plural Noun (Singular Noun)
Five-days game (A five-days game)
Eleven-player team (An eleven player team)
In next post, you will find No use of A or An.
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